Cataract surgery is a common and safe procedure that is widely practised around the world. If you or one of your loved ones have been diagnosed with a cataract and you are considering cataract surgery in Singapore, it is important to know what to expect before, during, and after the procedure. In this article, we will provide a comprehensive insight into what this condition is and how it can be effectively treated and managed through surgical intervention.
What Is A Cataract?
Natural lens. The lens is a clear structure that helps to focus light on the retina (the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye). When the lens becomes cloudy, light cannot pass through it as easily, leading to blurred vision. If you are experiencing frosted or fogged-up vision, it is always advisable to visit a reputed eye clinic in Singapore for a detailed eye examination by a qualified specialist.
Causes of Cataracts
Cataracts are a predominant cause of visual impairment and blindness globally and can develop due to various factors, including the following:
Age: Age is a primary factor contributing to the development of cataracts. As individuals grow older, the proteins within the lens can clump together, gradually clouding the lens and reducing its clarity. This type of cataract is often referred to as an age-related cataract.
Genetics: Genetic predisposition can increase the likelihood of developing cataracts. If there is a family history of cataracts, one may have a higher susceptibility to developing them as well.
Trauma: A physical injury or trauma to the eye can accelerate the onset of cataracts. A direct injury to the eye may damage the lens, causing cloudiness and vision issues.
Long-term Exposure to Ultraviolet Light: Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, primarily from the sun, is another risk factor for cataract development. UV light can cause oxidative damage to the lens proteins, leading to the formation of cataracts over time.
Radiation Exposure: Prolonged exposure to ionising radiation, often due to certain medical treatments or occupational hazards, can increase the risk of developing cataracts. Radiation can damage the lens cells, accelerating the onset of cataracts.
Certain Medications: Long-term use of certain medications, such as corticosteroids, can contribute to cataract formation. Corticosteroids can alter the metabolism of the lens, promoting the development of cataracts.
Medical Conditions: Individuals with diabetes are at an elevated risk of developing cataracts. High levels of glucose in the blood can lead to sugar accumulation in the lens, altering its structure and causing cloudiness. This type of cataract is known as a diabetic cataract.
Furthermore, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and high blood pressure are considered high-risk factors that can increase the likelihood of developing cataracts over time.
Common Symptoms of Cataracts
Patients with cataracts often complain of:
- blurred vision
- difficulty seeing in low light
- sensitivity to glare
- faded or yellowed colours
- double vision in a single eye
- a frequent need to change eyeglass prescriptions
- difficulty with reading and driving
Types of Cataracts
Cataracts are categorised into various types based on their location and appearance within the eye. These include:
- Nuclear cataracts, which form in the centre of the lens.
- Cortical cataracts, which develop in the lens cortex.
- Posterior subcapsular cataracts, which form at the back of the lens capsule.
- Congenital cataracts, which are present at birth or developed during childhood.
A cataract surgeon in Singapore will conduct a thorough eye examination to determine the type of cataract that is affecting their patients prior to making a diagnosis and prescribing a treatment plan.
Diagnosis and Treatments
Cataracts can be diagnosed during a routine eye examination. Your eye specialist will use a slit lamp (stereoscopic biomicroscope) to examine the lens of your eye and look for any signs of cloudiness. They will also likely conduct a visual acuity test, a dilated eye exam, and a tonometry test to measure intraocular pressure.
Once the diagnosis is confirmed, your doctor will typically recommend cataract eye surgery as the most effective treatment option for cataracts. This involves the removal of the cloudy lens and replacement with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). The surgical options include phacoemulsification and extracapsular surgery, both utilising small incisions for lens extraction.
Cataract Eye Surgery: What to Expect
Cataract eye surgery is typically performed as an outpatient surgical procedure, with a typical duration of two to three hours at the surgical facility. But the actual procedure usually takes less than half an hour when performed by an experienced surgeon.
Before cataract surgery
Your ophthalmologist will perform a thorough eye exam to assess the severity of your cataracts and determine if you are a good candidate for surgery. They will also discuss the different types of intraocular lenses (IOLs) that are available and help you choose the right one for your needs.
In the weeks leading up to cataract eye surgery, you may need to make some changes to your lifestyle. For example, you may need to stop taking certain medications and avoid smoking. You should also make arrangements for someone to drive you home from the surgery and to help you with your routine activities for a few days after surgery while you recover fully.
During cataract surgery
Cataract surgery is typically performed as an outpatient procedure, during which you will be awake during the surgery but will receive local anaesthesia to numb your eye. The surgeon will make a small incision in your eye and use a device called a phaco emulsifier to break up the cloudy lens. The lens fragments are then suctioned out and replaced with a clear IOL. The incision is then closed without the need for sutures.
The entire surgery usually takes less than 30 minutes. You may experience some mild discomfort during the surgery, but most people find it to be tolerable.
After cataract surgery
After cataract surgery, you will be given an eye shield to wear to protect your eye. You will also be given eye drops to use to prevent infection and inflammation. You may experience some temporary side effects after surgery, such as light sensitivity, glare, and blurred vision. However, these side effects usually improve within a few weeks.
Furthermore, your eye doctor will schedule follow-up appointments to monitor your recovery to make sure that your vision is improving. You may need to continue using eye drops for several weeks after surgery.
Tips for a Smooth Recovery
Here are some tips for a smooth recovery from cataract surgery:
- Get plenty of rest.
- Avoid strenuous activity for a few days after surgery.
- Wear your eye shield as directed by your doctor.
- Use your eye drops as directed by your doctor.
- Avoid rubbing your eyes.
- Eat a healthy diet and drink plenty of fluids.
Most people experience significant improvement in their vision after cataract surgery. However, it is important to be patient and to follow your doctor’s instructions during your recovery.
Advanced Eye Clinic & Surgery for Cataract Surgery in Singapore
If you are considering cataract eye surgery, Advanced Eye Clinic and Surgery can help you. Our surgeons are very experienced and usually perform quick, painless, sutureless cataract surgery without the need for injections around the eye. Be sure to talk to our cataract surgeons in Singapore about what to expect before, during, and after the procedure. Our qualified and experienced eye surgeons will help you make the best decision for your individual needs and ensure that you have a successful outcome with minimum discomfort. Call us for a consultation today!